Prevalence of pressure injuries in patients at Hospital Dr. Jose Maria Vargas 2021-2022. Retrospective study

Abstract

Pressure injuries represent a public health and patient safety problem, due to the high prevalence rates that condition and repercussions in the health and economic sphere, both at an institutional, family and personal level. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of pressure injuries in patients at the Dr. José María Vargas Hospital, 2021-2022. Methods: retrospective study, with a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional approach, in which medical records were reviewed. With a population of 1838 patients who attended the José María Vargas de Cagua Hospital in the study period, of which 25 cases diagnosed with pressure injury were identified; the sample was census. As a data collection instrument, a registration form was used. Results: pressure ulcers are more prevalent in patients older than 71 years, female, with a history of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension or stroke. It frequently manifests clinically as a single lesion, grade II or III; while the most affected anatomical regions are the sacral region, the gluteal region and the iliac crest. The prevalence of the pathology was established at 1.36%. Conclusion: pressure injuries are more prevalent in elderly, female and urban patients with a history of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. They present as single lesions, grade II-III, in the sacral region, usually with evolution of up to 7 days, and of community origin